New research shows that 90% of marine aquarium fish sold by major US retailers are caught from the wild.
The study, led by Dr Bing Lin from the University of Sydney, found most species come from the western Pacific and Indian oceans.
Globally, about 55 million marine animals are sold each year in a trade worth over US$2bn, with the US driving two-thirds of demand.
“Much of the trade is opaque – from reef to retail,” Lin said, noting many consumers don’t realize fish are wild-caught.
Among the 734 species analyzed, 45 are listed as threatened, including the Banggai cardinalfish and clarion angelfish.
Experts warn poorly regulated trade risks worsening declines in already vulnerable populations.
Dr Marian Wong from the University of Wollongong said hobbyists rarely know how fish are caught or if methods are sustainable.
Researchers are calling for stronger traceability, credible eco-certification, and better oversight to protect reefs and livelihoods alike.
